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Study: Organic eggs worse for climate than caged chickens

scienceJul 29, 2026232,335

A study published in Royal Society Open Science led by Dr Harriet Bartlett at Oxford University’s Smith School estimates that switching the UK’s entire egg sector to an organic free range model would produce about 2,316,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent, compared with 1,184,000 tCO2e for a fully caged system. The researchers found organic free-range systems require more hens to produce the same number of eggs because caged birds are more feed- and egg-efficient, which drives the higher greenhouse gas total. Organic free-range production also scored worst for potential water eutrophication, acidification, and land use, and the study reported higher chicken mortality in organic free-range systems. The team modeled environmental and welfare outcomes from UK poultry farm data and estimated current mixed-regime UK egg production emits about 1,439,000 tCO2e. The authors warned the comparison shows an important trade-off between animal welfare and some environmental metrics, while acknowledging key limitations: the analysis uses 2009, 2010 data and did not account for impacts such as pesticide use or biodiversity. Lee Holdstock of Soil Association Certification said the research highlights trade-offs but gives an incomplete picture because it omits nature, soil health, water quality, synthetic inputs, and broader animal welfare considerations.

George Monbiot
@georgemonbiot.bsky.social

It's a point I've been trying to make for a long time: there is no good way to meet even 10% of current demand for animal products. They trash the living world, whichever way you do it. If you want to reduce your impact, switch to a plant-based diet. www.theguardian.com/environment/...

162745d ago
Quoting this
George Monbiot562

When I discuss huge systemic issues, people say "but what I can I do?" When I mention something meaningful you can do immediately, people say (as the replies here show) "but what's the point, in the face of the huge systemic issues?" There are, it seems, plenty of people who want to be helpless.

Cai70

It's also more climate-intensive for me to have a pet than to have no pets, but people are going to make decisions even about animals that are not necessarily optimized to climate, including decisions rooted in empathy. And as always,

Erahsto Felício47

As pessoas que querem muito uma dieta com ovos, com bicho, precisam caminhar para a terra ou lutar por reforma agraria. Não dá para confiar seu desejo alimentar à indústria. Está certo. Mas se tornar vegano também não é a politização melhor. Vc deixa de pautar o problema fundiário.

Domo19

Good news Tiere muss man nicht mögen, um pflanzenbasiert zu leben. Reicht eigentlich schon aus, ganz egoistisch sein Leben o/u das der Kinder schützen zu wollen. Vielleicht liest man es noch zu selten, aber der Klimakollaps ist jetzt, nimmt uns alles und ist für jede*n hier lebensverkürzend. 👀 👇

@amybisinthewoods.bsky.social 🍄🍄‍🟫14

This is not an argument for buying factory farmed eggs taken from caged chickens with their beaks cut off, etc. This thread is about the entitlement of your diet, its destruction of Earth, and why you keep justifying eating what you want when it’s clear that going vegan is the moral thing to do.

Tristan Grayford14

This is useful information for people, yes, but I simply do not know a single person who avoids caged chicken eggs because of concerns about the environment specifically. The entire appeal of free range is the reduced cruelty, right?

@amybisinthewoods.bsky.social 🍄🍄‍🟫7

Meat/dairy diets cause 66% of the destruction of wildlife, 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions, uses 70% of the world’s freshwater & causes 80% of river and lake pollution. Clearing land for animals/growing their feed is the main reason for destruction of forests causing huge losses in biodiversity.

Sherry w/ a whY7

#organic #FreeRange #Eggs #CageFree #Dairy #meat ‘[ANIMAL PRODUCTS] trash the living world 🌍➡️ 🗑️, whichever way you do it. If you want to reduce your impact, switch to a plant-based diet’ Thank you @georgemonbiot.bsky.social for saying what needs to be said in no uncertain terms 🌱 Challenge22.com

Michael Derby7

The environmental case against killing animals and eating them.

PJ Coffey - They/Them @[email protected]7

It's true. And I've known it for years. All I can do is try and change what I eat and reduce my consumption of animal products and work to demo good plant based food. It's definitely made my life better compared to many people of the same age as me, and learning to cook made a mad difference.

David Ho
@davidho.bsky.social

If that's really true, the conclusion shouldn't be to keep more chickens in cages, but to consume fewer eggs.

42145d ago
Marie Le Conte
@youngvulgarian.marieleconte.com

aahhhhhhhhhhh can't we have anything, can't we do anything right www.theguardian.com/environment/...

11145d ago
Nick Harkaway
@nickharkaway.com

I'm getting dietary fatigue at this point. This is an OLD reality, but the solutions aren't as straightforward as some of the coverage would have you believe. www.theguardian.com/environment/...

6445d ago
Aliette de Bodard66

The main issue is every human activity generates greenhouse effect, the question is which ones we want to prioritize and whether we have mitigation strategies (Also I just hate that they cite numbers but don't give you a way to measure how big they actually are--comparing to, say, cars or heating)

Nick Harkaway30

Chickpeas: 100g -> 23g of protein. Easy peasy! Well, yeah, that's 100g dry weight. That is a lot of chickpeas. Much easier if you throw in an egg for a bonus 6g of protein. What if you have a bad reaction to chickpeas? Um. Well.

Robbie Rowe18

Trying to balance the dietary requirements imposed by my health with a sustainable low carbon lifestyle while juggling work etc is basically impossible. There is no perfect solution

Suw14

We're well into The Good Place territory now. An organic egg might be worse for the climate but better for the chicken and maybe more nutritious, though how we unpick how much of that is science and how much is propaganda is anyone's guess. Equally, a lot of organic practices simply aren't...

Anne Behemothhh5

„However, the study used data from 2009-2010, which the researchers acknowledged as a limitation as it did not capture more recent developments in egg production. The research also did not take into account other environmental impacts such as pesticides or biodiversity.“

The Great Beast2

That article is absolute bollocks. Judging the value of a free range egg based on GHG emissions is disingenuous to the point of villainy. That's not why we want less industrialised farming: we want less cruelty and better outcomes for the land and the animals we use in our diets. 1/

Quoting this
Courtney Milan853

This is not about the OP, but honestly, I think the constant harping on "no do THIS not THAT as a consumer" is designed to make you give up on climate. This is a job for good old fashioned government, one that regulates pollution, including greenhouse gases.

Library Yeti, Ice Cream Connoisseur16

Old reality is right. "the study used data from 2009-2010, which the researchers acknowledged as a limitation as it did not capture more recent developments in egg production. The research also did not take into account other environmental impacts such as pesticides or biodiversity." Etc.

Chloē10

Personally, I don't think chickens (or any animal) should spend their lives in cages because humans don't want to stop driving or flying distances that could be traveled in 6 hours by train or blowing each other up.

Pedestrianize MPLS5

You can toss out all of this stuff and just focus on car dependency.

Christopher Deutsch5

Two things, don't listen to the headline since the report is very limited and misses a lot of factors that would mitigate that conclusion. The other thing is the idea of organized consumer politics (which collapsed in the 1970s) was to empower people to not have to feel dietary fatigue.

jay pico2

every one of my chickens has a Claude Pro subscription, should I not have done that?

Jesse Pohlman (He/Him)2

No dhade on OP. Just...I feel like I'd rather our farm industries give chickens the chance to roam around some during their lives? Like from a humane perspective. We can find the CO2 budget savings in other places to make up for the environmental inefficiency of free-range farming.

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