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Scientists Debate Whether Slime Moulds Qualify as Intelligence, Guardian

scienceSep 8, 20261488

The Guardian long read chronicles a bitter scientific debate over whether slime moulds such as Physarum polycephalum should be called intelligent. Toshiyuki Nakagaki, who studied a lemon-yellow specimen as an undergraduate, has run landmark experiments showing Physarum can crawl at about 1 cm per hour, solve mazes, and when oat flakes representing Tokyo and its satellite towns were placed on a culture it grew networks that closely matched the greater Tokyo railway map. Physarum is a visible syncytium, a single multinucleate cell that forages by extending protoplasmic fingers toward food and retracting or reinforcing links, which researchers interpret as goal-directed efficiency. Critics labelled by the article as “neuropurists” argue such behaviours do not amount to cognition; Lincoln Taiz called some biogenic theorists motivated by “brain envy.” Proponents counter that slime moulds and other simple organisms challenge neuron-centric definitions of cognition and force rethinking of life’s capacities. The debate matters because its outcome could change scientific definitions of intelligence and influence how biologists and philosophers assess and study distributed, non-neural problem solving in nature.

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